Effect of Arterial Hypertension on the ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and Е-selectin Level in Type 2 Diabetes Patients
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.sidebar##
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in diabetes mellitus. Endothelial dysfunction is the first step in the development of atherosclerotic vascular lesions, which underlies cardiovascular pathology, and adhesion molecules secreted by the endothelium during inflammatory changes are involved in the progression of this lesion.
The objective: the serum level of adhesive molecules (ІCAM-1, VCAM-1, Е-selectin) in hypertensive and non-hypertensive type 2 diabetes patients as a marker of endothelial dysfunction and its relationship with other risk factors for cardiovascular disease was studied.
Materials and methods. We examined 64 patients with type 2 diabetes, which were divided into two subgroups: the first subgroup – 41 hypertensive type 2 diabetes patients (age – 53,56±7,14 years, BMI – 32,2±87,4; HbA1c – 9,97±2,02%), the second subgroup – 23 nonhypertensive type 2 diabetes patients (age – 50,5±4,92 years, BMI – 25,4±5,22; HbA1c – 9,09±1,95%). The control group included 18 people without diabetes with normal blood pressure (age – 50,72±6,98 years, BMI – 24,71±4,88; HbA1c – 5,26±0,42%). The serum level was determined by immunoenzyme assay. The significance of the difference between the mean values was determined by the t-Student test. Multifactor regression analysis was used to assess the relationships between the studied factors.
Results. We revealed an increase of serum levels of ІCAM-1, VCAM-1, Е-selectin in hypertensive (+71,62%, +68,42%, +66,95%, respectively) and non-hypertensive type 2 diabetes patients (+46,17%, +62,79%, +42,85%, respectively) compared with the control group (p<0,01). The serum concentration of ІCAM-1, Е-selectin was higher in hypertensive type 2 diabetes patients compared to non-hypertensive type 2 diabetes patients (+17,27%, +16,86%, respectively, p<0,01). There was a significant effect of Hb1Ac, lipids, insulin resistance on the serum level of ІCAM-1, VCAM-1, Е-selectin (p<0,01). The corresponding regression equations are derived.
Conclusion. There is an increase of serum level of ІCAM-1, VCAM-1, Е-selectin in hypertensive and non-hypertensive type 2 diabetes patients, which indicates the development of endothelial dysfunction. Hypertension, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance contribute to the development of these changes.
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors retain the copyright and grant the journal the first publication of original scientific articles under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which allows others to distribute work with acknowledgment of authorship and first publication in this journal.
References
Karaman S, Hollmén M, Yoon SY, Alkan HF, Alitalo K, Wolfrum C, et al.Transgenic overexpression of VEGF-C induces weight gain and insulin resistance in mice. Sci Rep. 2016;6:31566.
Zarbock A, Kempf T, Wollert KC, Vestweber D. Leukocyte integrin activation and deactivation: novel mechanisms of balancing inflammation. J Mol Med. 2012;90(4):353-9.
Cook-Mills JM, Marchese ME, Abdala-Valencia H. Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 Expression and Signaling During Disease: Regulation by Reactive Oxygen Species and Antioxidants. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2011;15(6):1607-38.
Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects. WMA, 2004. 32 p.
Guidance for Industry: E6 Good Clinical Practice: Consolidated Guidance. 1996. 58 p.
Friedewald WT, Levy R, Fredrickson DS. Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin Chem. 1972;18(6):499-502.
Matthews DR, Hosker JP, Rudenski AS, Naylor BA, Treacher DF, Turner RC, et al. Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man. Diabetologia. 1985;28(7):412-9.
Caro JF. Insulin resistance in obese and non-obese man. . J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1991;73(4):691-5.
Fiorentino TV, Prioletta A, Zuo P, Folli F. Hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress and its role in diabetes mellitus related cardiovascular diseases. Curr Pharm Des. 2013;19(32):5695-703.
Quagliaro L, Piconi L, Assaloni R, Da Ros R, Maier A, Zuodar G, et al. Intermittent high glucose enhances ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and E-selectin expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells in culture: the distinct role of protein kinase C and mitochondrial superoxide production. Atherosclerosis. 2005;183:259-67.
Güzel D, Dursun AD, Fıçıcılar H, Tekin D, Tanyeli A, Akat F, et al. Effect of intermittent hypoxia on the cardiac HIF-1/VEGF pathway in experimental type 1 diabetes mellitus. Anatol J Cardiol. 2016;16(2):76-83.
Thomas MC, Woodward M, Neal B, Li Q, Pickering R, Marre M, et al. Relationship between levels of advanced glycation end products and their soluble receptor and adverse outcomes in adults with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2015;38(10):1891-7.
Mathew M, Tay E, Cusi K. Elevated plasma free fatty acids increase cardiovascular risk by inducing plasma biomarkers of endothelial activation, myeloperoxidase and PAI-1 in healthy subjects. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2010;9:9.
