Diabetes and Pregnancy: Risks and Opportunities
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors retain the copyright and grant the journal the first publication of original scientific articles under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which allows others to distribute work with acknowledgment of authorship and first publication in this journal.
References
American Diabetes Association.13. Management of diabetes in pregnancy: standards of medical care in diabetes–2018. Diabetes Care 2018; 41(suppl 1):S137–S143. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc18-S013
American Diabetes Association.2. Classification and diagnosis of diabetes: standards of medical care in diabetes – 2018. Diabetes Care 2018; 41(suppl 1):S13–S27. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc18-S002
Lawler J, Osman M, Shelton JA, Yeh J. Population-based analysis of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy. Hypertens Pregnancy 2007; 26(1):67–76. https://doi.org/10.1080/10641950601147945
Marchi J, Berg M, Dencker A, Olander EK, Begley C. Risk-sassociated with obesity in pregnancy, for the mother and baby: a systematic review of reviews. Obes Rev 2015; 16(8):621–638. https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.12288
Garrison EA, Jagasia S. Inpatient management of women with gestational and pregestational diabetes in pregnancy. Curr Diab Rep 2014; 14(2):457. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-013-0457-x
Ballas J, Moore TR, Ramos GA. Management of diabetes in pregnancy. Curr Diab Rep 2012; 12(1):33–42. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-011-0249-0
Ryu RJ, Hays KE, Hebert MF. Gestational diabetes mellitus management with oral hypoglycemic agents. Semin Perinatol 2014; 38(8):508–515. https://dx.doi.org/10.1053%2Fj.semperi.2014.08.012
Cundy T, Gamble G, Neale L et al. Differing causes of pregnancy loss in type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2007; 30(10):2603–2607. doi:10.2337/dc07-0555. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc07-0555
Castorino K, Jovanovic L. Pregnancy and diabetes management: advances and controversies. Clin Chem 2011; 57(2):221–230. https://doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2010.155382
Hammouda SA, Hakeem R. Role of HbA1c in predicting risk for congenital malformations. Prim Care Diabetes 2015; 9(6):458–464. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcd.2015.01.004
Chen CP. Congenital malformations associated with maternal diabetes. Taiwanese J Obstet Gynecol 2005; 44(1):1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1028-4559(09)60099-1
International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups Consensus Panel, Metzger BE, Gabbe SG, Persson B, et al. International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy study groups recommendations on the diagnosis and classification of hyperglycemia in pregnancy. Diabetes Care 2010; 33(3):676–682. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc09-1848
Seaquist ER, Anderson J, Childs B, et al. Hypoglycemia and diabetes: a report of a workgroup of the American Diabetes Association and the Endocrine Society. Diabetes Care 2013; 36(5):1384–1395. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc12-2480
HAPO Study Cooperative Research Group; Metzger BE, Lowe LP, Dyer AR, et al. Hyperglycemia and adverse pregnancy outcomes. N Engl J Med 2008; 358(19):1991–2002. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa0707943
Finer LB, Zolna MR. Shifts in intended and unintended pregnancies in the United States, 2001–2008. Am J Public Health 2014; 104(suppl 1):S43–S48. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2013.301416
Kitzmiller JL, Block JM, Brown FM, et al. Managing preexisting diabеtes for pregnancy: summary of evidence and consensus recommendations for care. Diabetes Care 2008; 31(5):1060–1079. doi:10.2337/dc08-9020. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc08-9020
Webster LM, Conti-Ramsden F, Seed PT, Webb AJ, Nelson-Piercy C, Chappell LC. Impact of antihypertensive treatment on maternal and perinatal outcomes in pregnancy complicated by chronic hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6(5). https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.117.005526
Chew EY, Mills JL, Metzger BE, et al. Metabolic control and progression of retinopathy: the Diabetes in Early Pregnancy Study. Diabetes Care 1995; 18(5):631–637. https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.18.5.631
American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes – 2016. Diabetes Care 2016; 39 (suppl 1):S1–S109. PDF
Hawthorne G. Maternal complications in diabetic pregnancy. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2011; 25(1):77–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2010.10.015
Ringholm L, Damm JA, Vestgaard M, Damm P, Mathiesen ER. Diabetic nephropathy in women with preexisting diabetes: from pregnancy planning to breastfeeding. Curr Diab Rep 2016; 16(2):12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-015-0705-3
Zhang JJ, Ma XX, Hao L, Liu LJ, Lv JC, Zhang H. A systematic review and meta-analysis of outcomes of pregnancy in CKD and CKD outcomes in pregnancy. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 10(11):1964–1978. https://doi.org/10.2215/CJN.09250914
Umpierrez GE, Latif KA, Murphy MB, et al. Thyroid dysfunction in patients with type 1 diabetes: a longitudinal study. Diabetes Care 2003; 26(4):1181–1185. https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.26.4.1181
Alexander EK, Pearce EN, Brent GA, et al. 2017 Guidelines of the American Thyroid Association for the Diagnosis and Management of Thyroid Disease During Pregnancy and the Postpartum. Thyroid 2017; 27(3):315–389. https://doi.org/10.1089/thy.2016.0457
Akirov A, Pinhas-Hamiel O. Co-occurrence of type 1 diabetes mellitus and celiac disease. World J Diabetes 2015; 6(5):707–714. https://doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v6.i5.707
Saccone G, Berghella V, Sarno L, et al. Celiac disease and obstetric complications: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2016; 214(2):225–234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2015.09.080
Feghali M, Venkataramanan R, Caritis S. Pharmacokinetics of drugs in pregnancy. Semin Perinatol 2015; 39(7):512–519. https://dx.doi.org/10.1053%2Fj.semperi.2015.08.003
de Valk HW, Visser GH. Insulin during pregnancy, labour and delivery. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2011; 25(1):65–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2010.10.002
Morello CM. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of insulin analogs in special populations with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Int J Gen Med 2011;4:827–835. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJGM.S26889
Farrar D, Tuffnell DJ, West J, West HM. Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion versus multiple daily injections of insulin for pregnant women with diabetes. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016; (6) https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD005542.pub3
Charles B, Norris R, Xiao X, Hague W. Population pharmacokinetics of metformin in late pregnancy. Ther Drug Monit 2006; 28(1):67–72. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ftd.0000184161.52573.0e
Balsells M, García-Patterson A, Solà I, Roqué M, Gich I, Corcoy R. Glibenclamide, metformin, and insulin for the treatment of gestational diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2015; 350:h102. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.h102
Hebert MF, Ma X, Naraharisetti SB, et al; Obstetric-Fetal Pharmacology Research Unit Network. Are we optimizing gestational diabetes treatment with glyburide? The pharmacologic basis for better clinical practice. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2009; 85(6):607–614. https://doi.org/10.1038/clpt.2009.5
Langer O, Conway DL, Berkus MD, Xenakis EM, Gonzales O. A comparison of glyburide and insulin in women with gestational diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 2000; 343(16):1134–1138. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM200010193431601
Camelo Castillo W, Boggess K, Stürmer T, Brookhart MA, Benjamin DK Jr, Jonsson Funk M. Association of adverse pregnancy outcomes with glyburide vs insulin in women with gestational diabetes. JAMA Pediatr 2015; 169:452–458. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.74
Gowda RM, Khan IA, Mehta NJ, Vasavada BC, Sacchi TJ. Cardiac arrhythmias in pregnancy: clinical and therapeutic considerations. Int J Cardiol 2003; 88(2):129–133. pmid:12714190. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-5273(02)00601-0
Khandelwal M, Kumanova M, Gaughan JP, Reece EA. Role of diltiazem in pregnant women with chronic renal disease. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2002; 12(6):408–412. https://doi.org/10.1080/jmf.12.6.408.412
Magee LA, Abalos E, von Dadelszen P, Sibai B, Easterling T, Walkinshaw S; CHIPS Study Group. How to manage hypertension in pregnancy effectively. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2011; 72(3):394–401. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2011.04002.x. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2125.2011.04002.x
Cooper WO, Hernandez-Diaz S, Arbogast PG, et al. Major congenital malformations after first-trimester exposure to ACE inhibitors. N Engl J Med 2006; 354(23):2443–2451. https://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa055202
Costantine MM, Cleary K, Hebert MF, et al. Safety and pharmacokinetics of pravastatin used for the prevention of preeclampsia in highrisk pregnant women: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2016; 214(6):720.e1–720.e17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2015.12.038
LeFevre ML; US Preventive Services-Task Force. Low-dose aspirin use for the prevention of morbidity and mortality from preeclampsia: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. Ann Intern Med 2014; 161(11):819–826. doi:10.7326/M14-1884. https://doi.org/10.7326/M14-1884
Curry SJ, Grossman DC, Whitlock EP, Cantu A. Behavioral counseling research and evidence-based practice recommendations: US Preventive Services Task Force perspectives. Ann Intern Med 2014; 160(6):407–413. https://doi.org/10.7326/M13-2128
Wald N, Law M, Morris J, Wald D. Quantifying the effect of folic acid. Lancet 2001; 358(9298):2069–2073. pmid:11755633. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(01)07104-5
Bibbins-Domingo K, Grossman DC, Curry SJ, et al. Folic acid supplementation for the prevention of neural tube defects: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA 2017; 317(2):183–189. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2016.19438
Bibbins-Domingo K, Grossman DC, Curry SJ, et al. Primary care interventions to support breastfeeding: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA 2016; 316(16):1688–1693. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2016.14697
Newton ER, Hale TW. Drugs in breast milk. Clin Obstet Gynecol 2015;58(4):868–884. https://doi.org/10.1097/GRF.0000000000000142
Xiang AH, Kawakubo M, Kjos SL, Buchanan TA. Long-acting injectable progestin contraception and risk of type 2 diabetes in Latino women with prior gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 2006; 29(3):613–617. pmid:16505515. https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.29.03.06.dc05-1940